THE ROLE OF EYE-TO-EYE CONTACT IN MATERNAL-INFANT ATTACHMENT
Kenneth S. Robson,
Kenneth S. Robson
Child Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Department of Psychiatry, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Search for more papers by this authorKenneth S. Robson,
Kenneth S. Robson
Child Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Department of Psychiatry, Tufts New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
Search for more papers by this author
References
- Ahrens, R. (1954) Beitrag zur entwicklung des physiognomie und mimikerkennens. Z.exp. angew.Psychol. 2, 412–454.
- Almansi, R.J. (1960) The face-hreast equation. J. Am. psychoanal. Ass. 8, 43–70.
- Ambrose, J.A. (1961) The development of the smiling response m early infancy. Delermtnants of Infant Behaviour Vol. II, 179–201. (Edited by B. M. Foss). Wiley, New York .
- Andrew, R. J. (1965) The origins of facial expressions. Scient Am. 213, 88–94.
- Argyle, M., and Dean, J. (1965) Eye contact, distance and affihation. sociometry 28, 289–304.
- Benjamin J. D. (1959) Prediction and psychopathotogicat theory. The Psychopathology of Childhood. (Edited by L Jessner and E Pavenstedt). Grune & Stratton, New York .
- Benjamin, J. D. (1963) Further comments on some developmental aspects of anxiety. Counterpoint, (Edited by H. Gaskill). International Universities Press, New York .
- Bowlby, J. (1958) The nature of the child's tie to his mother. Int. J. Psycho-Analysis. 39, 350–373.
- Burlingham, D. (1964) Hearing and its role in the development of the blind. Psychoanal Studv Child 19, 95–112.
- Exline, R. V. (1963) Explorations in the process of person perception: Visual interaction in relation to competition, sex, and need for affiliation. J. Personality 31, 1–20.
- Exune, R., and Winters, L. (1965) The effects of cognitive difficulty and cognitive style upon eye-to-eye contact in interviews. Paper read at Eastern Psychological Association, Atlantic City .
- Fantz, R. L. (1958) Pattern vision in young infants. PsychoL Rec. 8, 43–57.
- Fraiberg, S., and Freedman, D. A. (1964) Studies in the ego development of the congenitally blind child. Psychoanal. Study Child 19, 113–169.
- Freedman, D. G. (1964) Smiling in blind infants and the issue of innate vs. acquired j Child Psvchol Psychiat. 5, 171–184.
- Freedman, D. G. (1965) Hereditary control of early social behaviour. Determinants of Infant Behavior Vol. III (Edited by B. M. Foss). 149–159. Wiley, New York .
- Gewirtz, J. L. (1961) A learning analysis of the effects of normal stimulation, privation and deprivation on the acquisition of social motivation and attachment. Determinants of Infant Behaviour Vol I (Edited by B. M. Foss) 213–299. Wiley, New York .
-
Goldstein, A. G., and
Mackenberg, E. J. (1966) Recognition of human faces from isolated facial features: a developmental study.
Psychon. Sci. 6, 149–150.
10.3758/BF03328001 Google Scholar
- Greenman, G. W. (1963) Visual behaviour of newborn infants. In Modern Perspectives in Child Development (Edited by A. Solnit and S. Provence). International Universities Press, New York .
- Harlow, H. F. (1961) The development of affectional patterns in infant monkeys. In Determinants of Infant Behaviour Vol. I (Edited by B. M. Foss), 75–88. Wiley, New York .
- Hutt, C., and Ounsted, C. (1966) The biological significance of gaze aversion with particular reference to the syndrome of infantile autism. Behav. Sci. 11, 346–356.
- Isakower, O. (1938) A contribution to the patho-psychology of phenomena associated with falling asleep. Int. J. Psycho-Analysis 19, 331–345.
- Kagan, J. (1965) The growth of the “face” schema: theoretical significance and methodological issues. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago .
- Kagan, J., and Lewis, M. (1965) Studies of attention in the human infant. Merrill-Palmer Q 11, 95–127.
- Kagan, J., Henker, B., Hen-Tov, A., Levine, J. and Lewis, M. (1966) Infant's differential reactions to familiar and distorted faces. Child Dev. 37, 519–532.
- Kaila, E. (1935) Die reaktionen des sauglings auf des menschliche gesicht. Z. Psychol. 135, 156–163.
- Kanner, L. (1949) Early infantile autism. Am. J. Orthopsychiat. 19, 416.
- Lewin, B. (1950) The Psychoanalysis of Elation. Norton, New York .
- Lewis, M., Kagan, J., and Kalafat, J. (1966) Patterns of fixation in the young infant. Child Dev 37, 331–341.
- Lorenz, K. (1953) Man Meets Dog (Translated by M. Wilson). Penguin Books, Baltimore .
- Lorenz, K. (1966) On Aggression (Translated by M. Wilson). Harcourt, Brace & World, New York .
- Meili, R. (1957) Anfange der Charakterentwicklung. Huber, Stuttgart .
- Nagera, H., and Colonna, A. B. (1965) Aspects of the contribution of sight to ego and drive development. Psychoanal. Study Child 20, 267–287
- Rheingold, H. L. (1961) The effect of environmental stimulation upon social and exploratory behaviour in the human infant. Determinants of Infant Behaviour Vol. I. (Edited by B. M Foss) Wiley, New York , pp. 143–177.
- Rosenblatt, J. S. (1965) The basis of synchrony in the behavioural interaction between the mother and her offspring in the laboratory rat. Determinants of Infant Behaviour Vol. III (Edited by B. M Foss), Wiley, New York , pp. 3–45.
- Sandler, A.M. (1953) Aspects of passivity and ego development in a blind infant. Psychoanal.Study Child 18, 343–360.
- Schaffer, H. R., and Emerson, P. E. (1964a) The Development of Social Attachments in Infancy. Monog. No. 94, vol. 29, Society for Research in Child Development.
- Schaffer, H. R., and Emerson, P. E. (1964b) Patterns of response to physical contact in early human development. J. Child Psychol Psychiat. 5, 1–13.
- Shapiro, T., and Stine, J. (1965) The figure drawings of 3-year-old children. Psychoanal. Study Child 20, 298–309.
- Spitz, R. A. (1946) Anaclitic depression: an enquiry into the genesis of psychiatric conditions in early childhood, II. Psychoanal. Study Child 2, 313–342.
- Spitz, R. A. (1950) Anxiety in infancy: a study of its manifestations in the first year of life. Int. J. Psycho-Analysis 31, 138–143.
- Spitz, R. A. (1955) The primal cavity: a contribution to the genesis of perception and its role for psychoanalytic theory. PsychoanaL Study Child 10, 215–240.
- Spitz, R. A. (1965) The First Tear of Life. International Universities Press, New York .
- Spitz, R. A., and Wolf, K. M. (1946) The smiling response. Genet. PsychoL Monogr. no. 34.
- Stechler, G., and Latz, E. (1966) Some observations on attention and arousal in the human infant. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiat. 5, 517–525.
- Szekely, L. (1954) Biological remarks on fears originating in early childhood. Int. J. Psycho-Analysis 35, 57–67.
- Walters, R. H., and Parke, R. D. (1965) The role of the distance receptors in the development of social responsiveness. Advances in Child Development and Behaviour (Vol. 2), (Edited by L. Lipsitt and C. Splker). Academic Press, New York .
- Watson, J. S. (1965) Orientation-specific age changes in responsiveness to the face stimulus in young infants. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Chicago .
- White, B. L., and Castle, P. W. (1964) Visual exploratory behaviour following postnatal handling of human infants. Percept. Mot. Skills 18, 497–502.
- White, B. L., Castle, P. W. and Held, R. (1964) Observations on the development of visually-directed reaching. Child Dev. 35, 349–364.
- Wills, D. (1965) Some observations on blind nursery school children's understanding of their world. PsychoanaL Study Child 20, 344–364. International Universities Press, New York .
- Wolff, P. H. (1959) Observations on newborn infants. Psychosom. Med. 21, 110–118.
- Wolff, P. H. (1963) Observations on the early development of smiling. Determinants of Infant Behaviour Vol. II (Edited by B. M. Foss). Wiley, New York , pp. 113–138.
- Wolff, P. H. (1965) The development of attention in young infants. Ann. N. Acad. Sci. 118, 815–830.
- Wolff, P. H., and White, B. L. (1965) Visual pursuit and attention in young infants. J. Am. Acad.Child Psychiat. 4, 473–484.
- Wolff, S., and Chess, S. (1964) A behavioural study of schizophrenic children. Acta. Psychiat Scand. 40, 438–466.
