Heart rate and reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD
Marjolein Luman,
Jaap Oosterlaan,
Christopher Hyde, Catharina S. Van Meel,
Joseph A. Sergeant,
Marjolein Luman
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Neuropsychology, PI Research, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJaap Oosterlaan
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Neuropsychology, PI Research, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorCatharina S. Van Meel
Department of Developmental Psychology, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJoseph A. Sergeant
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Neuropsychology, PI Research, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorMarjolein Luman,
Jaap Oosterlaan,
Christopher Hyde, Catharina S. Van Meel,
Joseph A. Sergeant,
Marjolein Luman
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Neuropsychology, PI Research, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJaap Oosterlaan
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Neuropsychology, PI Research, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorCatharina S. Van Meel
Department of Developmental Psychology, Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorJoseph A. Sergeant
Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Neuropsychology, PI Research, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorMarjolein Luman, Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tel: +31 (0)20 59 89255; Fax: +31 (0)20 59 88971; Email: [email protected]
Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.
Abstract
Background: Both theoretical and clinical accounts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) implicate a dysfunctional reinforcement system. This study investigated heart rate parameters in response to feedback associated with reward and response cost in ADHD children and controls aged 8 to 12.
Methods: Heart rate responses (HRRs) following feedback and heart rate variability (HRV) in the low frequency band (.04–.08 Hz), a measure of mental effort, were calculated during a time production paradigm. Performance was coupled to monetary gain, loss or feedback-only in a cross-over design.
Results: Children with ADHD exhibited smaller HRRs to feedback compared to controls. HRV of children with ADHD decreased when performance was coupled to reward or response cost compared to feedback-only. HRV of controls was similar across conditions.
Conclusions: Children with ADHD were characterised by (a) possible abnormalities in feedback monitoring and (b) motivational deficits, when no external reinforcement is present.
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